Hinduism
Application to zoos:
Hinduism teaches that all living beings, including animals, possess a divine spirit (atman) and should be treated with respect and compassion. Many Hindus believe in ahimsa (non-violence), which encourages the avoidance of harm to any creature.
Against Zoos: Since Hinduism views animals as sacred, keeping them in captivity can be seen as disrupting their natural purpose and duty (dharma). Some Hindus may argue that zoos violate ahimsa by causing stress, restricting freedom, and preventing animals from living as nature intended. The concept of karma also suggests that mistreating animals could lead to negative consequences in future lives.
For Zoos: Hinduism also emphasises dharma, which includes a duty to protect and care for all living beings. If a zoo focuses on conservation, prevents extinction, and treats animals well, it may align with Hindu values. Additionally, some Hindus believe certain animals, such as cows, are especially sacred and should be protected—meaning ethical, well-managed zoos could serve as a way to help endangered species.
How useful is Hinduism:
Strengths: Hinduism promotes deep respect for animals, ensuring they are not treated merely as objects for human use. The principle of ahimsa provides a clear moral foundation against zoos that cause suffering, making Hindu ethics strongly protective of animal welfare. Additionally, the belief in karma encourages ethical treatment of animals, reinforcing long-term moral responsibility.
Weaknesses: Hinduism does not provide strict rules on animal captivity, meaning interpretations can vary widely. While some Hindus may oppose zoos entirely, others may justify them if they support conservation. Furthermore, Hinduism's teachings about respecting all living beings can make it difficult to justify practices that may cause distress to animals in captivity.
Overall, Hinduism's response to zoos depends on whether they are seen as places of harm and exploitation or as institutions that protect and care for animals in a responsible way.