Ethics
Utilitarianism, Kantian Ethics, Natural Law, Situation Ethics
Deontology vs Teleology
A deontological argument is when you look at the action itself, rather than the consequences, to decide whether something is right or wrong. E.g. it is wrong to kill even if it saves many lives.
A teleological argument is when the action is right or wrong according to the outcome or consequences. E.g. it may be right to kill 1 to save 10.
Utilitarianism: An ethical theory that promotes actions that maximise overall happiness or pleasure while minimising suffering. The best action is the one that brings the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Kantian Ethics: An ethical theory based on the idea that actions are morally right if they follow a universal moral law or duty. It emphasises respect for individuals as ends in themselves, not as means to an end.
Natural Law: An ethical theory that believes humans can understand right and wrong through reason, and that moral principles are based on human nature.
Situation Ethics: An ethical theory that suggests the right thing to do depends on the situation, focusing on love and the well-being of individuals.